Rap Vs Poetry Essay example -- essays research papers

"When I originally began rapping, me and two or three siblings would all lounge around my place freestyling while somebody beat boxed. I even used to tell all the young ladies that I was a writer. They appeared to think that its somewhat more contacting than a rapper" (Prince Paul, The Source 16) The verses of rappers are fundamentally the same as the expressions of Black writers. It is contended as to wether or not rap is a reasonable type of verse. Both talk about comparative subjects, write in a similar style and utilize a similar sort of language in their compositions. When taking a gander at a sonnet or perusing rap verses, recognizing the two can be troublesome, if not impossible.Both Black rappers and Black artists expound on similar subjects. For instance the rap bunch NWA, and the writer Alice Walker, both spread the subject of being from a minority race. Alice Walker states in one of her sonnets that "there is no planet more interesting than the one im from" (Walker, "Note Passed To Superman" 18-19). Alice is stating that the world is bizarre on the grounds that individuals judge others by their skin shading. The methodology NWA takes is a progressively arrogant one. In the melody "Fuck Tha Police", NWA says " Young nigga got it terrible cuz im earthy colored/And not the other shading so police think/They have the power to execute a minority" (NWA "Fuck Tha Police" 3-5). Another basic subect between Black artists and rappers is "ghetto life". Nikki Giovani's sonnet called "For Saundra" is about how she will compose a sonnet about trees and blue skies. At that point she understood that she was living in a "concrete jungle".      i needed to compose/a sonnet/that rhymes/however insurgency doesnt loan/itself to bebopping/then my neighbor/who thinks I loathe/asked - do u ever compose/tree sonnets I like trees/so I thought/i'll compose an excellent geen tree sonnet/looked from my window/to check the picture/saw the school yard was secured/with black-top/no green - no trees develop/in Manhattan/at that point, well, I thought the sky/sick do a major blue sky sonnet/yet all the mists have winged/low since no-Dick was chosen/so I reconsidered/and it happened to me/perhaps I shouldn't compose/at all/yet clean my weapon/and check my lamp fuel flexibly (Giovanni "For Saundra")What this is about is essentially the truth of the urban ghettos. Gangstarr als... ...;. To every one of my siblings in the avenues/I realize u feel you need to hustle cause your peeps gotta eat/Makin moves right and careful; don't wanna see you layin' level/Don't wanna see ya get a slug dark/If we don't construct we'll be crushed/Thats a test we face in the race of poor and jobless (Gangstarr "In Memory Of")This melody by Gangstarr is about existence in the city and what one must do to make due in the city. The messages found in theories rap tunes and sonnets are significant messages that must be tuned in to. They talk about what's going on in the public eye and what we need to do to transform it or now and again stop it.     In end, the verses of rappers are entirely equivalent to the verbally expressed expressions of Black artists. There can be examinations made in the style of composing, the subjects, language and the messages behind the compositions. These similitudes make rap a practical type of verse that is delighted in and comprehended by youngsters in the present society. The present young people, much of the time, would, not read verse and fathom the message, at the same time, they would tune in to rap and have the option to comprehend the thought the craftsman is attempting to get over.

Archetype of Ulysses in the Odyssey :: essays research papers

We have perused a courageous story called The Odyssey. It was about a saint named Ulysses who experiences numerous contentions to return home. He has confronted beasts to excellent ladies, however he despite everything returned home. Ulysses fits the model of a paradigm. There are three different ways he fits into the model. One way that Ulysses fits into the model of a paradigm is that he has an otherworldly force. A paradigm implies a unique example. Ullyses has the capacities of solidarity. He is likewise cunning. Ulysses has alot of solidarity since he can twist the bow to interface it however nobody else could. He had additionally liffted his men onto his boat in pairs. He is likewise astute in light of the fact that he outmaneuvered a considerable lot of the beasts he confronted. For instance, when Ulysses confronted the cyclops Polyphemus he intended to daze his one eye. It was extremely shrewd when Ulysses and his men stowed away under the sheeps. Another way that Ulysses fits the model of a paradigm is that he has flaws.In different words he isn't perfect.If he was immaculate he would be exhausting and it wouldnt be fascinating on the off chance that he does the amazingest thing.It wouldnt be intriguing in light of the fact that you would as of now expect that from somebody who is perfect.One of Ulysses defect is that he is eager. In the start of the story when Ulysses won the war between Troy he had taken all the fortunes. He had taken such a significant number of there transport scarcely had space for food. At that point when they went to more places he got avaricious and took more fortunes currently ruling out food.That is the reason Ulysses and his men went hungry. He is additionally somewhat difficult in light of the fact that when he saw his men eating the dairy cattle that was illegal to eat he had gotten all distraught at the same time, when his men persuaded him he ate. The third motivation behind why Ulysses fits the model of a prime example is on the grounds that he had somebody powerful assistance him. The extraordinary somebody was Athena who helped Ulysses and helped him settle on significant choices . Athena is the godess of shrewdness and it wasn't an incident that Ulysses was additionally sharp.

A study of the characters Odysseus and Poseidon as depicted in Homers Odyssey

An investigation of the characters Odysseus and Poseidon as delineated in Homer's Odyssey After the occasions of the Trojan War, Odysseus and his men headed back home to Ithaca. In transit, they unwittingly halted at the island of the Cyclopes to accumulate supplies for their long excursion home. Shockingly, the occupants of the island were not agreeable †especially one Cyclops named Polyphemus. While trying to avoid different mammoths, Odysseus and his men stowed away in Polyphemus’s cavern. Polyphemus then caught the men inside with a huge stone hindering the main path in and out. Individually, Polyphemus ate Odysseus’s group. Odysseus, keeping a level head, thought of an arrangement to get away. Odysseus had some undiluted wine with the rest of his personal effects, and cunningly offered it to Polyphemus without revealing to him how solid the wine was. Polyphemus energetically took the wine, got alcoholic, and quickly nodded off. Odysseus and his outstanding men warmed a wooden stake in a fire, and continued to dazzle Polyphemus’s one eye. Subsequent to crying in torment, the men stowed away under the giant’s sheep, where they couldn't be felt and eaten. The following morning, when Polyphemus let his sheep out to touch, Odysseus and his men escaped underneath the sheep’s wooly paunches, and ran away to their boat. Polyphemus understood that the men had gotten away after Odysseus was at that point adrift. Polyphemus tossed an (ineffectively pointed) rock at the boat, and shouted to his dad Poseidon for retaliation. Poseidon, in his wrath, annihilated Odysseus’s transport, just a s his whole group, over a ten-year venture back to Ithaca. Odysseus just endure in light of the fact that he had Athena’s favor and security. Odysseus’s Argument: Odysseus was carrying on of self-protection. As skipper and ruler, he had an obligation to ensure himself and his men no matter what. He utilized his brains to get away from a dangerous circumstance. He additionally didn't have a clue about that Polyphemus was child of Poseidon. Notwithstanding who Polyphemus was, Odysseus didn't slaughter him, in spite of the risk against Odysseus and his team; it would have been similarly as simple to execute him while alcoholic or sleeping. Poseidon, being a divine being, carries on of extraordinary feeling, and concludes that the injury of his child warrants mass-murder. Odysseus thought reasonably and saved the man-eating Polyphemus; Poseidon acted unreasonably, and annihilated Odysseus’s group. Poseidon could have been increasingly kind and cleared out Odysseus and his group rapidly. Rather Poseidon broadened Odysseus’s discipline and made him endure as he watched his whole beyond words the course of ten years. Besides, this all-i nclusive excursion caused disturbance in Odysseus’s Kingdom of Ithaca. At the point when Odysseus left for Troy, his child, Telemachus, was too youthful to even consider taking the position of authority. This left Penelope running the whole nation. While Odysseus was gone, admirers came to court Penelope, assaulting his royal residence while they were there. Since there was no verification that Odysseus endure the Trojan War, the admirers continually constrained Penelope to remarry. She would not like to, rather slowing down the admirers until Odysseus returned in light of the fact that she accepted that he was as yet alive. Poseidon’s Argument: Before Poseidon did anything to Odysseus, he needed to get his thought endorsed by Zeus, lord of the divine beings. Moreover, Odysseus was in Poseidon’s area, the sea, for the greater part of his excursion, which places Odysseus in a tricky position as of now. Poseidon’s expected objective was Odysseus; the remainder of the team was blow-back, yet additionally genuinely hurt Odysseus. Odysseus realized he was in the area of a god that could wreck him on each level; he had a lot of chances to prepare himself on the off chance that things turned out badly. Poseidon, as a divinity, requests more regard than a run of the mill human. In Poseidon’s mind, this exceptional treatment stretches out to his child. Harming his child Polyphemus was viewed as an individual affront. Obscure to Odysseus, he had divine security from Athena †an adversary god to Poseidon. Consequently, Poseidon previously didn't care for Odysseus; wounding Polyphemus in the eye just added to Poseidon’s scorn. Poseidon didn't hurt Odysseus, yet caused him to endure, much the same as his child, by executing his men gradually. Let the discipline fit the wrongdoing. In addition, there are times when Odysseus was narrow minded, however truly disrespectful. While Penelope was maintaining her marriage pledges, Odysseus had an unsanctioned romance with Circe, a sorceress who had transformed his men into pigs while he had his indulgence. He additionally purposely went past the island of the Sirens, since he needed to hear their melody for himself. At long last, he permitted his men to eat holy cows of the god Helios for seven days. This one demonstration denounced his whole armada, boat and men, to annihilation. Zeus hit the boat with lightning, compelling Odysseus to swim to an island and live with a Calypso, an ocean sprite, for a long time. The remainder of his men suffocated. This shows Odysseus didn't generally regard the divine beings, and acted egotistically at whatever point it fit him.

The Exotic Murree Hills-Positive - 1100 Words

The Exotic Murree Hills-Positive (Essay Sample) Content: Point of View EssayDescriptionThe Exotic Murree Hills- PositiveOne of the beautiful places I have ever visited indeed resembles a paradise. As one enters the place it seems like someone has showered perfumes all around. I wish I could stay there for the whole of my life. In mid-summer mornings the mist on the grass seems like pearls shining everywhere. The place looks like as if you can touch the icy clouds flying high up in the dark grey sky, the sky full of clouds seems like hugging the long conifers, pines and deodars. Pine nuts and conifers hanging from the trees looks like lanterns hanging for the travellers everywhere. Beautiful and coloured wild flowers are spreaded on the grass enhancing the beauty of the hills. Butterflies on the flowers increase the scenic beauty of the place and captures the attention of the visitors. The rushing streams flowing, sounds like rain about to arrive. Waterfall scene seems to be the most attractive of all and adds breathtaking view. Aroma of hydrangea and clematis grown on the mountains smells like someone has worn perfumes. The cool, perfumed ladened breeze and scent of pines feel like a soothing balm on tired souls. Roads like the maze of winding tracks with contended faces everywhere and several sloped roof houses all around and on the mountains. Murree hillsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ scenic beauty and heavenly charms and appeal attract the visitors and people often visit to forget their stress and worries. The beauty acts as medicine for the weary and exhausted souls.The Exotic Murree Hills- NegativeMurree hills, what a pit? Craggy ugly looking mountains spread all over. I wish I would have never visited this unpleasant place. I donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t know why I have ever visited such a dump place. No sound of cars, isolation everywhere as if death has had her way here. The gigantic and motionless conifers, pines and deodars, feel like as if a musician has forgotten a melody. The tall trees resemble as if ogres trying to t ake hold of you. The place looks more like a junkyard in the rainy season. The cool, wheezing perfumed breeze has changed into an offensive smell. The rain often accompanied by thunder and lightning confined the people indoors. Noise of thunder is as clouds grumbling just like cannons. Long winding tracks are puzzling. Due to rainy weather roads get too much slippery and become the cause of accidents. Land sliding causes jagged rocks block the way. Gigantic and humongous grassy mountains add fears and give a stomach-churning feeling. Unbearable scent of wild flowers hydrangea and clematis everywhere combines with the scent of rain and becomes nauseating.Rhetorical Analysis:After reviewing the writerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s tool box I have written positive and negative description of the Murree hills in a rainy season and enjoyed writing the description. At first, I used the first tool that is, "direct statement of meaningà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . I have conveyed my positive and negative attitude toward s Murree hills by a topic sentence to make my readersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ know about my likes and dislikes of the Murree hills in a rainy season. For instance, by using the sentence, "one of the beautiful places I have ever visited indeed resembles a paradise" shows my likeness for the place in the positive description and to give emphasis to the beauty of Murree hills. In the same way by using, "Murree hills, what a pit?" emphasize my negative description of the place.I then reflected my word choice. Through word choice tool I tried to make my readers feel and experience the place in both positive and negative manner. I have used a few similar sentences to describe Murree hills in both positive and negative descriptions and to fit them according to the temperament of the description. For instance, "Aroma of hydrangea and clematis grown on the mountains smells like someone has worn perfumes" changes to "Unbearable scent of wild flowers hydrangea and clematis everywhere combines with the scen t of rain and becomes nauseatingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . In both the paragraphs I have described the wild flowers in different moods. I discussed the roads of Murree differently in both positive and negative descriptions. In positive I described them as maze and in negative description I described them as puzzling and strange. Such as, "Roads like the maze of winding tracks" changes to "Long winding tracks are puzzlingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .Next, the tool I have used in selection/ omission of details. To make my positive description positive I have used, "beautifulà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , "paradiseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , "sky full of icy cloudsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , "breathtaking viewà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , "coolà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , "perfume ladened breezeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . I have not described or used any ugly words in my positive description. In the negative description I deleted all the positive description. If I would have used the negative words in the positive description the reader would perceive the paradise more like a j unkyard. I used, "dump placeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , "motionless conifers, pine and deodarsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , breeze changed to offensive smellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . I have simply described the beauty of the aroma of the wild flowers, hydrangea and clematis in the positive description and omitted their scent in the negative passage.One of the most important writerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s tool box that makes the writing attractive and makes the reader really feel the place is the use of similes, metaphors, repetition of sounds and personification. I was much impressed by the beauty of Murree hills so in order to make my description impressive and attractive I have used personification in positive description such as, "the sky full of clouds seems like hugging the long c... The Exotic Murree Hills-Positive - 1100 Words The Exotic Murree Hills-Positive (Essay Sample) Content: Point of View EssayDescriptionThe Exotic Murree Hills- PositiveOne of the beautiful places I have ever visited indeed resembles a paradise. As one enters the place it seems like someone has showered perfumes all around. I wish I could stay there for the whole of my life. In mid-summer mornings the mist on the grass seems like pearls shining everywhere. The place looks like as if you can touch the icy clouds flying high up in the dark grey sky, the sky full of clouds seems like hugging the long conifers, pines and deodars. Pine nuts and conifers hanging from the trees looks like lanterns hanging for the travellers everywhere. Beautiful and coloured wild flowers are spreaded on the grass enhancing the beauty of the hills. Butterflies on the flowers increase the scenic beauty of the place and captures the attention of the visitors. The rushing streams flowing, sounds like rain about to arrive. Waterfall scene seems to be the most attractive of all and adds breathtaking view. Aroma of hydrangea and clematis grown on the mountains smells like someone has worn perfumes. The cool, perfumed ladened breeze and scent of pines feel like a soothing balm on tired souls. Roads like the maze of winding tracks with contended faces everywhere and several sloped roof houses all around and on the mountains. Murree hillsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ scenic beauty and heavenly charms and appeal attract the visitors and people often visit to forget their stress and worries. The beauty acts as medicine for the weary and exhausted souls.The Exotic Murree Hills- NegativeMurree hills, what a pit? Craggy ugly looking mountains spread all over. I wish I would have never visited this unpleasant place. I donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t know why I have ever visited such a dump place. No sound of cars, isolation everywhere as if death has had her way here. The gigantic and motionless conifers, pines and deodars, feel like as if a musician has forgotten a melody. The tall trees resemble as if ogres trying to t ake hold of you. The place looks more like a junkyard in the rainy season. The cool, wheezing perfumed breeze has changed into an offensive smell. The rain often accompanied by thunder and lightning confined the people indoors. Noise of thunder is as clouds grumbling just like cannons. Long winding tracks are puzzling. Due to rainy weather roads get too much slippery and become the cause of accidents. Land sliding causes jagged rocks block the way. Gigantic and humongous grassy mountains add fears and give a stomach-churning feeling. Unbearable scent of wild flowers hydrangea and clematis everywhere combines with the scent of rain and becomes nauseating.Rhetorical Analysis:After reviewing the writerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s tool box I have written positive and negative description of the Murree hills in a rainy season and enjoyed writing the description. At first, I used the first tool that is, "direct statement of meaningà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . I have conveyed my positive and negative attitude toward s Murree hills by a topic sentence to make my readersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ know about my likes and dislikes of the Murree hills in a rainy season. For instance, by using the sentence, "one of the beautiful places I have ever visited indeed resembles a paradise" shows my likeness for the place in the positive description and to give emphasis to the beauty of Murree hills. In the same way by using, "Murree hills, what a pit?" emphasize my negative description of the place.I then reflected my word choice. Through word choice tool I tried to make my readers feel and experience the place in both positive and negative manner. I have used a few similar sentences to describe Murree hills in both positive and negative descriptions and to fit them according to the temperament of the description. For instance, "Aroma of hydrangea and clematis grown on the mountains smells like someone has worn perfumes" changes to "Unbearable scent of wild flowers hydrangea and clematis everywhere combines with the scen t of rain and becomes nauseatingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . In both the paragraphs I have described the wild flowers in different moods. I discussed the roads of Murree differently in both positive and negative descriptions. In positive I described them as maze and in negative description I described them as puzzling and strange. Such as, "Roads like the maze of winding tracks" changes to "Long winding tracks are puzzlingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .Next, the tool I have used in selection/ omission of details. To make my positive description positive I have used, "beautifulà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , "paradiseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , "sky full of icy cloudsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , "breathtaking viewà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , "coolà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , "perfume ladened breezeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . I have not described or used any ugly words in my positive description. In the negative description I deleted all the positive description. If I would have used the negative words in the positive description the reader would perceive the paradise more like a j unkyard. I used, "dump placeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , "motionless conifers, pine and deodarsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , breeze changed to offensive smellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . I have simply described the beauty of the aroma of the wild flowers, hydrangea and clematis in the positive description and omitted their scent in the negative passage.One of the most important writerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s tool box that makes the writing attractive and makes the reader really feel the place is the use of similes, metaphors, repetition of sounds and personification. I was much impressed by the beauty of Murree hills so in order to make my description impressive and attractive I have used personification in positive description such as, "the sky full of clouds seems like hugging the long c...

Fairy Tales Are Not The Same As They Are Today - 1392 Words

During the Early Modern Era in Europe, death was a very common experience, where people didn’t care much when someone close to them died. The next child born into the family would take on the name of the dead loved one, replacing them. The main causes of death for peasants during this time were hunger, disease, poor living conditions, and lack of knowledge about health and living. Death was so common; it was a main theme for entertainment in fairy tales. Fairy tales were not the same as they are today. Our society, has adapted them to revolve around a hopeless princess or a damsel in distress. In reality, fairy tales are much darker, extra violent, and gruesome. After all, fairytales are created to scare kids into behaving for their†¦show more content†¦In general, disease was kept close. Pierre Goubert states, â€Å"†¦Often there would only be one bed, in which case everyone would share the same warmth, the same fleas, and the same outpourings...† Almos t everything done happened ins the dirty, diseased, and poorly air flowed home. Without airflow, disease and germs were extremely easy to pass to one another. Since there was only one bed, the leading cause of infant death was babies being suffocated in the bed with their parents. Additionally, children were dying in the first days, weeks, and months of their lives. Because of death was so common in young children, and religion was very important, the parents felt the need to baptize their children right away. But during the fall and winter months this easily killed their children. The weather was cold and the churches did not have heat, in result, the baby certainly got sick and most likely died, due to the very little knowledge of health care. Children were also susceptible to die from accidents because of the lack of supervision and older siblings or grandparents. Since the mortality rate was so high and the average life span was so low, no one was around to help parents take c are of their kids. Peasants were not even alive to make it to their fiftieth birthday. When parents turned

Medical Marijuana Should Be Legal - 1851 Words

In recent years, medical marijuana has become legal in 23 states across the country, including washington D.C, new york,new jersey, oregon, and many others. Medical marijuana has been know too aid cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, along with a large number of medical conditions like Glaucoma, Arthritis, migraines, hepatitis C and many others. While there is a large following in the medical marijuana movement, there is also a large counter-movement who want to medical marijuana to stay illegal. In this paper I will argue why medical marijuana should be legal throughout the united states and how beneficial marijuana is to modern medecine. Marijuana could be used in modern medicine to help aid a wide range of diseases. Before talking about medical marijuana and it’s benefits, it is important to understand the background of why marijuana was made illegal in the first place. It all began in the early 1900’s after the mexican revolution. At this time there was an extremely large amount of mexican immigrants moving to states like Texas and Louisiana. These immigrants came to America with their native language, customs and culture. One of these customs was the use of marijuana. IT was used as a medicine and a way to relax. While americans referred to the plant as â€Å"Cannabis,† mexican immigrants referred to the plant as â€Å"marihuana.† This was a foreign term to Americans, and it was used by the media to portray the plant as a â€Å"dangerous foreign drug.† The media spread falseShow MoreRelatedMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal904 Words   |  4 PagesMedical Marijuana Although marijuana is illegal and lacks FDA approval it should be used to treat cancer. Opponents of medical marijuana argue that it is too dangerous to use, lacks FDA approval, and that various legal drugs make marijuana use unnecessary. They believe marijuana is addictive, leads to harder drug use, and injures the lungs, immune system, and brain. They also believe that medical marijuana is a front for drug legalization and recreational use. Benefit that it is isn’t a great treatmentRead MoreShould Medical Marijuana Be Legal?1249 Words   |  5 PagesMarch 1, 2017 Medical Marijuana Informative Unless you ve been living under a rock, you have probably at some point in the last few years had a conversation with a friend or family member regarding medical marijuana. Although it is considered a controversial topic, in recent months it has been gaining approval by the public. But it does not come without opposition and arguments. Medical marijuana is a complex subject and still requires more education for the public, the medical community, and theRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1651 Words   |  7 Pagesmost commonly referred to as marijuana. Medical marijuana refers to the use of cannabis and its cannabinoids to treat disease or improve symptoms (Wikipedia.com). Cannabis contains two active ingredients inside called cannabinoids (CBD) along with the delta-g-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The medicinal and psychoactive effects that personally associate with marijuana are caused by unique structures of cannabinoids. In addition, the major psychoactive ingredient in marij uana is THC, which additionallyRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1477 Words   |  6 Pagesacross the nation believe that medical marijuana can provide a variety of benefits ranging from pain relief to increasing appetite. Others won’t provide the drug to patients until more significant evidence is presented. The drug has been a topic of debate for many years, but one thing that researchers can always count on is a growing library of testimonials from patients who have legally experimented with the drug to manage their conditions. As it stands, marijuana has had a different impact in eachRead MoreShould Medical Marijuana Be Legal?1778 Words   |  8 Pagesusing medical marijuana for chronic pain outweigh the risks? Medical Marijuana is a topic we have all heard a couple of times in the past years. It has been a debatable topic since there seems to be a lot of opinions on what should be and shouldn’t be legal. Some say its benefits outweigh anything else, and some others state that there is a hazard involved with this drug. There are studies on both sides of the question that demonstrate what appear to be clear benefits for medical marijuana, asRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1545 Words   |  7 Pagesmedicinal utility of marijuana. However, the federal government opposes passing legislation that would legalize medical marijuana because of its potential to be abused or unregulated. The states are continuously challenging the federal government causing complications in legislation in regards to medical marijuana. Because of its history of medicinal properties and accumulating amounts of state and local legislation, the federal government should decriminalize medical marijuana an d legalize its useRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1053 Words   |  5 PagesMedical marijuana, also called cannabis, is used in some places as a medication to treat diseases and symptoms. Many people consider it helpful and harmless making it the most used illicit drug in North America. With legalizing medical marijuana people can alleviate some health problems and help ease physical pain, but it also can bring many concerns, questions, and responsibility. Legalizing cannabis can help many people with their health conditions. There are some advantages to taking medicalRead MoreShould Medical Marijuana Be Legal?1591 Words   |  7 Pagesdebated topic on marijuana legalization is widely argued. Whether it’s for medical or recreational usages, this topic is reaching boiling point. The complicity on the legalities of marijuana has reached a point in society where legal usage has been popping up across the country. In the medical sector, studies have shown benefits, and harmful effects in patients. Some physicians support, however some physicians do see health concerns that influence their stance on whether medical marijuana laws are toRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal897 Words   |  4 PagesMedical Cannabis Weed Cannabis, also known as Marijuana has many effects to it. In recent years officials have decided that it should be used for medical usage. They have found out that it helps many medical conditions. Medical cannabis has many things that could cure. Studies has shown that it slows the response time in the synapses in the brain it helps the brain heal. For example if someone was in a bad wreck it allows the brain to eventually heal. Because it is unlike other prescribed drugs weedRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal860 Words   |  4 Pagesthat medical marijuana might be useful in reducing this pressure. Marijuana has also became a common sight in the medicine cabinets of patients suffering from HIV/AIDS and many different forms of cancer. Cannabis consumptions has been known for its ability to stimulate appetite commonly referred to as â€Å"getting the munchies.† Medical marijuana can successfully benefit its patients with HIV or cancer by helping generate an appetite through the use of plant. Researchers have shown that medical cannabis

The Feeling of Music Essay Example For Students

The Feeling of Music Essay In my listen world there are almost no classical music existence, but sometimes will still have a little. It does affect the music that I listen to now. Those classical music like a memory to me. Sometimes it will attract me to listen it; it reminds me to some historical memory, which I dont like it at all. It will make me think the music that now I listen to are no any connotation and superficial. Even though I dont like classical music, but somehow I will choose to listen it; because it let me have a feeling that jack to the century. Classical music has a pretty big influence, because listening to classical music can decreases my tension in sometime. Even that classical music is not my preferred genre. Now, in my opinion there are a lot of difference between modern classical music and pop music. The tones of the modern classical music are still singing very slowly and the sounds can make you sleepy. Also now all the modern classical music all around us most have gone, even though there are still eave some popular in this century, but most people wont hear it because now have pop music. However, the classical get in development it still cant compare favorably with pop music, because now is twenty-one century everyone get in fashion. Pop music is modern say music that a large amount of the population enjoys listening to. As a genre, pop music is very eclectic, often borrowing elements from other styles. Its including urban, dance, rock, Latin and country; nonetheless, there are core elements which define pop. It is written quite recently and has almost no rules as to how it can sound. Also its unique and lots of improvisation. In additional, classical music does not affect my life at all. In my life only contain pop music, because I am a person that seeks vogue. I dont allow anything affects my fashion, because in my mind classical music is a backward thing. As I mansion earlier, in my listen world there are almost no classical music existence. So, for this case classical music wont affect my life at all. The Feeling of Music By Ghanaian

Wuthering Heights By Bronte Essays (1230 words) - British Films

Wuthering Heights By Bronte In Bronte's novel Wuthering Heights the idea compensation for love lost is discussed. Wuthering Heights is a quiet house in the country where the Earnshaw's and Heathcliff live. Heathcliff loves Catherine Earnshaw very much but, she decides to marry another man, Edgar. Heathcliff marries Edgar's sister just to make Catherine jealous. At the end Heathcliff abandons his plan for vengeance and professes his love for Catherine only to see her die soon after. In the novel Wuthering Heights Bronte shows that revenge is not the key to happiness through irony, through plot, and through characterization. Irony is used over and over in the novel Wuthering Heights to express the notion of revenge. The main ironic incident in this novel is that no one ends up with the person they want to be with despite the fact that they can be with the one they love. For example Catherine loves Heathcliff. Catherine and Heathcliff are soul mates, and she even remarks to Nelly that, ? I [Catherine] am Heathcliff!? (142). She is angry at Heathcliff for not leaving sooner to make something of himself. Catherine could have had Heathcliff, but she chooses not to and ends up miserable. Another example of irony is that Heathcliff and Isabella do not love each other. Heathcliff thinks that he is with Isabella to get back at Catherine. He sees Isabella as an unsuspecting ?young lady?(91). However, Isabella married Heathcliff for spite. She resents the fact that her Catherine married her brother and wanted to get back at Catherine. Neither Isabella nor Heathcliff find happiness in each others arms, and they both die miserable and unsatisfied with each other. The fact that Edgar wants to get back at Heathcliff after Catherine's death is very ironic. Edgar won. Catherine marries him and not Heathcliff. Edgar is always jealous of Heathcliff. Before Catherine's demise Edgar tells her that, ?It is impossible for you to be my friend and his at the same time? (99). When Catherine does not p. 3 respond to this Edgar goes on to tell her, ?I absolutely require you to choose? (100). When Catherine does die Edgar seeks revenge. He knows that Catherine died of a broken heart torn between Edgar and Heathcliff. Edgar in a ranting rage tells Nelly, ?I'll crush his ribs in like a rotten hazel nut?(158). He seeks vengeance on Heathcliff, but never gets it. A final example of irony is with Heathcliff and Hindly. A few years after Hindly condemns Heathcliff to a life of servitude Heathcliff runs off and makes a living. He comes back a wealthy and proper man. Heathcliff helps Hindly out of debt. However, Hindly owes so much money to Heathcliff that Heathcliff takes Wuthering Heights from Hindly. So, just when Hindly thinks that he got back at Heathcliff for ruining his life Heathcliff takes his revenge and lets Hindly died a poor, miserable old man. The plot in Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights reflects the concept of revenge. Mr. Earnshaw meets a poor boy on one of his trips. Because Mr. Earnshaw is such a ?capital fellow?(9) he takes pity on the boy, Heathcliff, and invites him to live with the Earnshaw's. Mr. Earnshaw has an alterior motive for the boy. He wants his children, Hindly and Catherine, to understand what it is like to share their wealth with someone who is less fortunate than themselves. Mr. Earnshaw figured that the children would learn and grow from this experience. The truth is that the children did not. Hindly grows up miserable and resentful of Heathchiff. And Catherine eventually turned her nose up to Heathcliff only to find that she is cheerless without him. The novel takes a turn when Catherine has to decide whether or not to marry Edgar. She knows that she has ?no more business marrying Edgar Linton than I [Catherine] have to be in heaven? (64). Yet Catherine marries Edgar anyway for p. 4 wealth, but more importantly revenge. She wants to get back at Heathcliff for never making something of himself. But at the end Catherine is the one who suffers. Heathcliff desires Linton and Cathy to be wed. This plan is curtailed by Edgar. Cathy falls in love with Linton and tells Edgar. When Edgar finds out he says, ?No one from Wuthering Heights shall come here? (224). Edgar does this for revenge. He does not want Heathcliff or anyone to be happy. At the end he is Edgar is the one who is not happy even though he thought he got the

En Fait French Expression Explained

En Fait French Expression Explained The French expression en fait (pronounced [a(n) feht]) is a statement of contradiction, used when you want to set the record straight. Its the equivalent of saying something like in fact, as a matter of fact or actually in English. Its  register  is normal. Examples   Ã‚  -As-tu faim ? -Non, en fait, jai dà ©j mangà ©.-Are you hungry? -No, actually, Ive already eaten.   Ã‚  -Javais pensà © que nous allions le faire ensemble, mais en fait jà ©tais tout seul.-Id thought we were going to do it together, but, in fact, I was by myself. Confusions There are two potential confusions with the expression en fait: Its really only used to contradict something. In English, theres another meaning of in fact, where you agree with what was just said and want to add some more information, as in Yes, in fact, thats a good idea. In this case, a better translation of in fact is en effet, effectivement, or possibly justement.Though it may sound similar, the expression au fait means something very different.

Introduction to the Humanities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Introduction to the Humanities - Essay Example ulation of human emotion as well as the emphasis on the unnatural aspect of religious center figures such as the Virgin Mary shows Byzantine influence. In addition, realism began to be noticed in the paintings of the artists. Many paintings before had merely schemed through the outlines of works of art thus rendering them as crude works of art. The use of color and lines was applied to lend volume to works of art. Even though their was noticeable improvement, some characteristics of medieval theology such as the inclusion of radiance lingered. The painter Giotto di Bondone created works that made a study of human emotion and individuality that had not been experimented with before. Artists tended to give their divinely inspired paintings uncoordinated shapes such as extended necks to add onto their supernatural appearances. Long hands with extraordinarily long and extended fingers and grim expressions were also used to signify the importance of the subject being painted. Fresco painting where water supported dyes and tints were placed on recently applied plaster on wall planes. In order to bring about the production of the most durable quality, successive coats of plaster would be applied on the walls and then allowed to set and dry. The artist would trace the design of the figures that he intended to create on the drying wall after which a final smooth coating of plaster was then put on the wall, in a method where the outlines of the artist’s designs were clearly visible and could be worked upon. When the artist finally applied the paint, the tints would fuse with the sand particles giving them permanence and resistance to aging since they were transformed to being a part of the wall and not just its outer layer (Bishop, 2010). To avoid making mistakes with his outline, the painter had to work quickly while the wall was still wet. What especially set apart the artists like Giotto from their contemporaries was the freedom of expression that they portrayed in

Does God exists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Does God exists - Essay Example Similarly, God as an entity has the existence-in-understanding and can be conceived to subsist actually. From the above arguments, it can be stated that there exists God who regulates the functioning of this universe and He is beyond the imagination that an individual can conceive (Palmer 250-300; Cicovacki 90-100). On the contrary, many philosophers including Sà ¶ren Kierkegaard argued that there is no rational evidence for God’s existence. Kierkegaard’s passion argument signifies that the feature of religiousness is infinite passion. This infinite passion requires objective improbability. It has been argued that there persist objective improbability and at least one belief of objective improbability required to be true in order to attain the goal of religious passion. Kierkegaard‘s postmen argument proclaims that authentic religious faith cannot have an objective justification which is subjected to possible future revision. This also supports non-subsistence of God (Adams, â€Å"Kierkegaards Arguments against Objective Reasoning in Religion†). Cain and Abel were the sons of Adam and Eve. Cain used to farm while Abel was interested to roam with his flocks. God told Cain and Abel that these sacrifice reflect the time of Jesus becoming a man and die as the Lamb of God for the sins of the world. Abel loyally got a young lamb as a sacrifice for his sins but Cain though it was needless to obey God’s command. So, Cain fetched an offering of his works and sacrificed his harvest while Abel sacrificed lambs. God find the sacrifice made by Cain to be offensive while Abel’s sacrifice to be pleasing. Abel tried to reason Cain but he murdered him. On this, God manifested curse upon Cain and when Cain protested about his verdict, God placed a mark upon him so as not to take revenge by the future generation for the first homicide (American Patriot Friends Network, â€Å"The

Qualitative Research Methodologies Essay Example for Free

Qualitative Research Methodologies Essay Veal (2000) has described research a â€Å"systematic and careful inquiry ands search for the truth† or an investigation into a subject to discover facts. Research is collection of methods, tools and techniques for acquiring knowledge. The nature of research is to discover and explain and answer the unanswered questions. Qualitative methodology focuses on quality† a term referring to the essence or ambience of something (Anastas, 1999). Qualitative methods are used to understand complex social phenomena. They are suitable to seek knowledge about the fundamental characteristics of a phenomenon under study. Types of Qualitative Methodologies Case-Study Research Methodology Case study as a â€Å"realistic† methodology, which deals with solid and specific questions. Case study translates research question into more researchable problems, and provides rich examples, which are easy to comprehend. The significance of case studies is its revealing meaning of a phenomenon. Observation Research Methodology Scott (2001) has described observation an effective way of finding out about people in their particular environment. Observational research method provides understanding of interaction between marketers and users, exploring members interaction in an organisation and understanding norms in a community. Ethnographic Research Methodology According to Garson (1998) ethnography is the study of cultural groupings. It concentrates on close field observation of socio-cultural phenomena. Ethnographic research is a holistic approach that tries to understand a culture through the members of given culture. Quantitative Research Methodologies Quantitative research is gathering data in quantity. The goal of the quantitative research approach is to find out the truth by using statistical procedure. Hara (1995) has pointed out that quantitative methodology allows readers to understand facts easily by looking at charts and graphs. The use of statistics reduces contradictions, which may exist in research. Morgan (2000) has mentioned that â€Å"quantification† allows accuracy of statements by providing facts and figures with precision. Absence of one will make the other incomprehensible. It is assumed that quantitative methodologies are more logical and more comprehensible than qualitative methodology for this reason. descriptive, experimental, quasi-experimental Methodologies. Data Collection However for this research the most appropriate method for this study is case study as this study is comparison of these two cities based on the data and facts obtained from different libraries, books, journals, newspapers and census department to answer the questions below. †¢ How history and geographical location influence their development? †¢ What are the current economic figures of the cities? †¢ How much progress these cities have made in trade, commerce health education and sanitation systems? †¢ What is the role of geography and location in the development of urban cities?

Free College Essays - Self-Revelation in Their Eyes Were Watching God :: free essay writer

Their Eyes Were Watching God   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Self-Revelation    Their Eyes Were Watching God, by Zora Neale Hurston, is a novel about one woman’s self-revelation. It began when this woman was a very young girl. At first she was being pushed, then she was being chosen, and finally, she was able to choose. Born a victim of circumstance, Janie, the main character, was subject to her position in life. She was raised to uphold the standards of the early African-American generation. From the beginning, she was taught to be passive and subject to whatever life gave her. As she grew older, she began to realize that she must give in to her desires and not suppress them. Janie was set up for her journey of self-discovery by her grandmother. Nanny set a goal for Janie’s life by saying, â€Å"Ah wanted you to look upon yo’ self. Ah don’t want yo’ feathers always crumpled by folks throwin’ up things in yo’ face.† ***SITE THIS?*** Janie’s grandmother pushed Janie into a marriage, which she considered a â€Å"safe† place for Janie. Though hesitant, Janie agreed to marry Logan Killicks. He was a farmer who married Janie shortly after she completed school. Killicks   was the first antagonist that Janie encountered in the story. He was there for one purpose, to destroy Janie’s new sense of self-awarenes. Logan demanded things of Janie that she did not wish to do and tried to push her into his mold of a perfect wife. Janie did not love Logan, nor did he love her. She did not   know what she wanted, but she was sure   that she did not want Logan Killicks. Joe Starks appeared in Janie’s yard one afternoon. He said the sweet things that Janie wanted to hear. Though Janie hardly knew the man, being young and gullible, she was taken by his words. She took another step in her journey, leaving Logan the next day and travelling to Eatonville with Joe Starks. Aspiring to be the mayor of Eatonville, Joe Starks was a man concerned with little except power. He wanted it, and he was going to use Janie to get it. She wore nice dresses during this marriage because Joe wanted her to stand out from the rest of the town. He used her as an icon of his prosperity and power. He was cruel to Janie and stomped out all of her free will.

Just in Time Concept

Financial AccountingS. Das Income Measurement and Accrual Accounting Recognition and Measurement in Financial Statements DEFINITIONS Revenues:inflows of assets or reductions in liabilities from selling goods and services Expenses:outflows of assets or increases in liabilities used up in generating revenues. Recognitionformal recording of an item in financial statements, in words and numbers Measurementquantify the effects of economic events numbers unit is money – dollars historical cost – recorded for simplicity, verifiability, reliability Current cost-relevant but less reliableOnly an estimate until item is sold Net income= Revenues-Expenses. Incomeamount of resources available for consumption at the end of a period and yet be as well off as it was at the beginning of the period. CASH BASIS Versus ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING So if we DEFINE PERIOD to be lifetime of a firm (which can only be defined for a firm with a finite life) then we are only interested in the earnings of a firm over its lifetime. In that case: a. just wait until the firm dissolves. b. Add up all the cash inflows over its lifetime other than those for sale of own stock. c.Add up the cash outflows over its lifetime other those for stock repurchase or dividends. d. Find the difference between cash inflows and outflows and YOU HAVE NET INCOME. e. THE ABOVE IS ALWAYS TRUE. However, if you DEFINE PERIOD TO BE ANY INTERVAL SMALLER THAN THE LIFE TIME when you wish to get information on earnings as intermediate feedback, then there is the following problem: -transactions may not be complete on a cash to cash basis – because the earnings process is continuous – Period1buy inventory for $5 Period2pay for inventory Period3sell and deliver inventory for $15Period4receive payment from customer. KEY QuestionWhen should revenues and expenses be recognized? One possibility is the cash basis recognize revenues at time of receiving cash and recognize expenses at the time of paying cash. E xample: A toy retailer starts business on January 1, 2000. The retailer Mr. XYZ pays two months rent in advance on his store for $2000. He also purchases and pays for toys worth $35,000. However, during the month of January, he sold no toys. During February, he sells all the toys he has for $45,000 but collects only $5000 of that in cash.He expects the neighborhood children to pay the remaining $40000 in March. JanFebruary Revenues—————– Less: Expenses Cost of toys—————– Rent—————- Total Expense—————- Income—————– Limitations of Cash basis 1. expenses are not aligned in time with the revenue that they produce. 2. recognition of revenue is unduly postponed. A Second possibility is the use of Accrual basis – depends upon when some critical event occurs. What happens to income (accrual basis) using same example? JanFebruary Revenues—————– Less: Expenses Cost of toys—————–Rent—————- Total Expense—————- Income—————– Comparing the Cash And Accrual Bases of Accounting -Basic difference one of timing Recognize Revenue whenRecognize Expense when Cash Basis cash is received cash is paid Accrual Basisrevenue is earned it is incurred Exhibit 4-2 transparency Accrualmatching of expenses with the corresponding revenues OR match resources used (expired assets- expenses)to generate revenue. The accrual concept forces accountants and managers to focus on changes in owner’s equity rather than merely reporting changes to the cash or other assets.The realization concept underlies the decision rules that accountants use in determining when revenues should be recognized and expenses matched to them. The Revenue Recognition Principle Revenue:Increase in Asset Or Decrease in Liability from Delivery of Goods Or Services Realized:Goods Or Services Exchanged for Cash Or Promise of Cash . Earned:Revenue earned when realization is complete or no significant obligations left How are Revenues recorded? †¢At the same time as cash is collected. †¢Before the time cash is collected. †¢After the time cash is collected. Possible Interpretations of Recognition Principle:Percentage of Completion:For long term projects, revenue recognized as stages are completed, based upon proportion of total cost incurred, Franchises: Initial fee recognized as revenue only FAS 45 â€Å"substantial performance† of its obligations B&J 32 Production MethodCommodities – Traded at established price; so revenue recognized when they are produced. Installment Method:opposite of production method: no reasonable basis to estimate collectability, so revenue on sale recognized as cash is collected Continuously:such as rent and interestThe criteria used in accounting to decide the recognition of revenues is : †¢A firms has performed all, or a substantial portion, of the services it expects to provide. †¢The firm has received cash, a receivable, or some other asset whose cash equivalent it can objectively measure. Expense Recognition and the Matching Principle The matching concept relates revenues and expenses so that owner’s equity is neither overstated nor understated at any points in the steam of events that constitutes operations. Expensewhen an Asset Has No Future Benefit i. e. It Is Used Up [Or] a Liability Is Incurred.Matching:Associate Revenues with Costs (expenses) Necessary to Generate them UnexpiredSometimes not done with specific items of product sold, but with period in Assets which they were sold eg. sales clerks' salaries are expensed in the period in which employees worked. Expired Some things never go through asset stage, since benefit is seen to expire as soon Assets as costs expended (purchased) = Period Costs; eg. utilities costs, telephone, fuel for vehicles (not asset) Two examples: 1. Expired asset versus 2. Expensing of benefits/ resources that never went through asset stage.A. Depreciation Expense estimated useful life and eventual salvage or resale value Manipulation to increase or decrease income Salvage deducted before calculating periodic expense because it is expected to be recovered and will remain an asset. B. Research ; DevelopmentDell Computer in its 1995 Annual Report list â€Å"Research, development and engineering† of $65,361,00 as operating expense on Income Statement. – an expense is an asset whose usefulness to the company is complete – it is deemed that R;D has no future benefit left hence out right expense without going through asset stage.For an accrual based company, Statement of Cash Flows provides information on Sources and Uses of Cash. Accrual basis necessary because we divide the earning of income, a process that takes place over a period of time, into artificial segments (reporting periods). Example: In the 1995, Income Statement Maytag Corporation had a net loss of $20,476,000. Their Statement of Cash Flows showed an increase in cash equivalents of $30,811,000. Cash provided by operating activities was $319,979,000. How can a company with a net loss have a gain in cash?This is possible if expenses exceeded revenues since Income statement is on accrual basis. It contains revenue amounts that may not have been realized in cash (still in accounts receivable) and expenses that may not have been paid for such as depreciation, and unpaid purchases. Also look for income from continuing operations versus loss due to extraordinary items and disposal of existing business. (As was the case in Maytag 1995) Accrual Accounting and Adjusting Entries: at end of period – Four Types: 1. Deferred Expense: Cash Paid before Expense Is In curredAsset created; as asset expires it becomes an expense, via adjusting entry Entry DuringAsset End of Expense period Cash period Asset eg. * prepaid rent becomes rent expense, a month at a time * Depreciation allocates cost of asset over its useful life – does not measure decline in value ? Based on estimates of salvage value and life of asset ?Periodic expense= [actual cost – est. salvage value]/estimated life ? debit is depreciation expense ?credit is not to asset account, which will always reflect cost, ? but to accumulated depreciation- contra account that is, an asset account with a credit balance 2. Deferred RevenueCash Received before Revenue Is Earned Liability Created Because Goods Or Services Still Owed EntryDuringCashEnd of Liability period Liability period Revenue ?Eg. unearned â€Å"the other company† from deferred expense entries ? for example, The landlord who received the prepaid rent has a deferred revenue ? liability is reduced, revenue inc reased, as time passes ?magazine subscriptions received in advance, earned as magazines mailed 3. Accrued LiabilityExpense incurred before Cash Is PaidOpposite of deferred expense EntryDuring-End of Expense period- period Liability Eg. taxes, payroll, utilities; interest for short term loan paid at maturity with principal 4. Accrued AssetRevenue Earned before Cash Is Received Opposite of deferred revenue EntryDuring-End of Asset period-periodRevenue ?both rent and interest are earned as time goes by, regardless of when cash received ? need adjusting entry if payment is not received. Exhibit 4-5 (text pp. 165) Example: P4-2 REVISITING THE ACCOUNTING CYCLE Steps taken to collect the necessary information to prepare financial statements (Exhibit 4-8) . Collect and Analyze 2. Journalize Events 3. Post to Ledger Accounts(Results in Unadjusted Trial Balance) 4. Journalize and Post adjustments(Results in Adjusted Trial Balance) 5. Prepare Financial Statements 6. Journalize and Post Closing Entries(Results in Post-Closing Trial Balance) 7. Post Closing Trial Balance 8. Optional: Reversing Entries The Closing Process: Two types of accounts:Balance Sheet= real accounts = permanent Income Statement= nominal accounts = temporary (Includes Dividend account) Purpose of closing entries:-Close temporary accounts -transfer net income (loss) to retained earningsProcess of closing: Debit Each Revenue Account: Sum Up a Single Credit to Income Summary. Credit Each Expense Account, Sum Up a Single Debit to Income Summary. Debit Income Summary If It Has a Credit Balance (Company Had Net Income) ORCredit Income Summary If It Has a Debit Balance (Company Had Net Loss) Credit Dividend Account, Debit Retained Earnings Exhibit 4-9 (text pp. 171) Example 1:E4-23. Ben ; Jerry’s Example 2:Let us look at McDonald’s Corporation’s 1998 Statement of Income shown on Page 139 of your text. Notea. Retained Earnings at the beginning and end of 1998 were $12,569 and $13,879. mil lion respectively. b. Total dividends paid to common and preferred shareholders were $239. 5 Use the numbers from the Income Statement to Reconstruct the relevant account balances. Then Close them to Income Summary and from there to Retained Earnings. EXAMPLE P4-10 Post-closing Trial Balance will only contain Balance Sheet accounts.When is a sale a sale? In an article concerning troubled MiniScribe Corporation (The Wall Street Journal September 12, 1989 – MiniScribe’s Investigators Determine That â€Å"Massive Fraud Was Perpetrated†. ) it was stated that â€Å" †¦ he company dramatically increased shipments to three warehouses, booking $56. 4 in sales and gross profit of $5. 4 million. † (Note that the warehouses being shipped to belonged to MiniScribe) The volume of shipments only called attention to the problem – it was not the problem. Problem is it is not Customer’s warehouse but MiniScribe’s – shipping goods to ones? own warehouse is not a sale – but a relocation of inventory – must be an arm’s length transaction.This was one among many violations – MiniScribe was also shipping bricks to an fictitious company, and recording them as sales revenue. 1. Claiming Tomorrow’s Profits Today, Forbes, October 17, 1988, p 78. Case 4-1:Ben ; Jerry’s Revenue Recognition – Initial Franchise Fee Footnote on 147 of text. FASB SFAS 45 allows franchisor to recognize initial franchise fee as revenue only when â€Å"substantial performance† of its obligations and when collection of the fee is reasonably assured. Revenue Recognition: The Company recognizes franchise fee as †¦.. when services required by the franchise agreement have been substantially performed†¦. 1. Consistent with SFAS 45.The footnote refers to certain mandatory services that the company promises to perform for the new stores. Performance of these services is the basis for recognizin g the fee as revenue. Note that the footnote specifically uses the wording substantially performed. 2. The company recognizes the franchise fees as revenue in proportion to the stores for which the required services have been substantially performed. 3. Franchise fees are not large relative to net sales in any of the years. Franchise fees are less than 0. 4% of net sales in each of the three years. Unearned Revenue: Realizability Vs.Earned criteria – realized BUT has it been earned?. 1. Case 4-2:Gateway- Revenue Recognition Refer to page 30 of Gateway’s Annual Report, under â€Å"Summary of Significant Accounting Policies† 1. Gateway recognizes revenue from product sales when products are shipped. Revenue from separately priced extended warranty programs is deferred and recognized over the extended warranty period. 2. â€Å"Extended warranty programs† are contracts to service products for a period beyond the original warranty. These contracts are purchase d for an additional amount above the product purchase price. . The revenue from the extended warranties is recognized over the warranty period because it is earned over the entire period, as coverage is provided. 2. Case 4-3: Sears, Roebuck, ; Company – Revenue from Service Contracts. 1. Under the accrual basis, revenue should be recognized when it is earned, rather than when cash is received. Since the retailer incurs costs to repair damages over the life of the service contract, the revenue from the contract is also earned over the life of the contract. 2. Revenue to be recognized each year: Year 1 Year 2Year 3Sales Revenue Service Contract Total revenue Typically, for service contract you receive cash or payment, for future services, that creates a liability. Thus one has an unearned revenue account. In this particular example, the liability account would contain XXX at the end of year 1 and XX at the end of year 2 reported under current liability as unearned revenue on th e balance sheet. Sears, Roebuck, ; Company 1998 Annual Report Footnotes to Revenue Recognition The Company sells extended service contracts with terms of coverage between 12 and 36 months.Revenue and incremental direct acquisition costs from the sale of these contracts are deferred and amortized over the lives of the contracts. Costs related to servicing the contracts are expensed as incurred. 3. American Airlines: 1996 total revenues of $17,753 million. Balance sheet reported ? Air traffic Liability? of $1,889 million. – unearned revenue (~~11%) from ticket sales. -when retired – Retired when ticket holders are provided transportation. -Refundability a factor -What if carrier cannot provide service due to strike or storm. -When is revenue earned ? – when ticket is bought when passenger boards – when plane takes off – when the round trip is complete. AMERICAN AIRLINES 1998 Annual Report (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) (Note 1) PASSENGE R REVENUES Passenger ticket sales are initially recorded as a component of air traffic liability. Revenue derived from ticket sales is recognized at the time transportation is provided. However, due to various factors, including the complex pricing structure and interline agreements throughout the industry, certain amounts are recognized in revenue using estimates regarding both the timing and the amount of revenue to be ecognized. Actual results could differ from those estimates.In 1998, American showed revenues of $17,449 million and recorded â€Å"Air traffic liability† of $2,163 million on its Balance Sheet. Time Warner Inc. According to Annual Report they publish 26 different magazines. At end of 19985 unearned subscription revenue was $741 million. -included in their is your paid subscription to Time for issues that you have yet to receive. -magazines are sold at different rates depending on how you subscribed and for how long. – how to keep track of when earned. when does the earnings process complete When subscription received – if main source of revenue is advertising. When production is complete and delivery is made. A combination of these two. Note that Time does not have difficulty to keep track since subscription price variations and customer records are all kept by computers – closely monitor the process from payment to through unearned revenue to delivery and revenue earned. Time Warner Inc. 1998 Annual Report (Note 1) The unearned portion of paid subscriptions is deferred until magazines are delivered to subscribers.Upon each delivery, a proportionate share of the gross subscription is included in revenues. E 4-81. AugustCash Subscriptions Received in advance (Unearned Revenue) To record collection of 900 subscriptions Assets =Liabilities+ Owner’s Equity 2. August 31. Unearned revenue Subscription revenue To record subscriptions earned during August. Assets=Liabilities+Owner’s Equity 3. Net income for t he month of August would be under stated / overstated by XXX if the accountant forgot to make the entry to recognize revenue earned. (Self Note: Also see Magazine Subscription case) E 4 -9

Phantom Limb Syndrome - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 903 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/11 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Phantom Limb Syndrome Phantom limb syndrome was first described by Ambroise Pare in 1552. Pare, a French surgeon. Pare noticed this phenomenon in soldiers who felt pain in their amputated limbs. Then in 1871, Mitchell coined the term phantom limb. Phantom limb syndrome is the illusion sensation that a limb still exists after it is lost through an accident or amputation. The causes of phantom limb syndrome is that although the limb is no longer there, the nerve at the site of the amputation continue to send pain signals to the brain thinking the limb is still there. Phantom limb syndrome occurs only in amputees, phantom sensations may also be perceived in people who have survived a stroke and lost function of certain body parts and people who have had a spinal cord injury. However, there are three different descriptions of phantom limb syndrome: phantom limb pain, stump pain, and phantom limb sensations. 1. Phantom limb pain is described as a pain that one feels as if it’s occurring in the amputated limb. 2. Stump pain is a discomfort at the surgery site. 3. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Phantom Limb Syndrome" essay for you Create order Phantom limb sensation is the feeling that the person feels thinking that the missing body part is still there. Medical doctors believe that the pain affects only those who have had a limb amputated. Even though there are some individuals who are born without a limb also experience phantom pain. However, this pain is more common among those who have had a limb surgically removed. As I indicated above, phantom pain can also be experience among people who have had stroke or are paralysis; the pain may appear in an area of the body where there is no feeling. In addition to pain the symptoms of phantom limb that some people experience are sensations such as tingling, cramping, heat, and cold in the portion of the limb that was removed. The area where the limb as been amputated is mild to extreme pain; Phantom limb sensations usually will disappear or increase over time, but when phantom limb pain continues for more than six months, the prognosis for improvement is poor. The onset pain after amputation usually occurs within days or weeks, although it may delay months, or maybe even years. People may feel a variety of sensations from the absent limb; although the limb may feel completely intact regardless of its absence. According to researchers, phantom pain was a psychological thing, and not a physical problem of a person. This was long before modern diagnostic tests existed. They believe that a person begin to feel phantom pain before amputation and is most likely to experience phantom pain even after amputation. The occurrence of phantom limb pain is probable in 50–80% of all amputees. Phantom limb feeling is more common and occurs in all amputees at some point. There is no known connection with age, gender, or which limb is amputated. Studies have shown a decreased numbers of phantom limb syndrome in those who are born without limbs opposed to actual amputees. Phantom limb syndrome is thought to be secondary to the brain, although phantom pain is presumably a result of a response to amputation injury. Phantom limb pain may occur in non amputees with spinal cord damage causing loss of sensation. The brain is responsible for processing the sensations from the missing limb. The treatment for phantom limb is usually determined based on the person’s level of pain, and multiple treatments include relaxation techniques, massage of the amputation area, surgery to remove scar tissue entangling a nerve, physical therapy, medications, including pain relievers, antidepressants, etc. Unfortunately, phantom limb pain is generable intractable and chronic; once it develops it is rarely improved by present medical treatments. Destructive surgical procedures are also of limited use. Because they can be effective for a few months, but the pain always returns, and frequently worsens. The exact cause of phantom limb syndrome is unknown. Presumably, the sensations are due to the brains attempt to reorganize sensory information following the amputation. The brain must essentially rewire itself to adjust to the body change. Phantom limb pain is considered to be one of the most interested and difficult clinical pain syndromes. Phantom limb syndrome is not always described as painful; however the sensation of the missing limb after amputation is particularly common after surgery. Treatments for individuals with phantom limb pain are few. The treatment may involve the participation of neurologists, pain specialists, physical therapists, neurosurgeons, or rehabilitation specialists. Treatment for phantom limb pain involves the use of medications, nonmedical, electrical, and surgical therapy. For example, to treat the pain, neurologists and pain specialists may prescribe pain medications. To help facilitate and maintain mobility, the physical therapists would give special exercises as well as massages. The neurosurgeons may perform surgery to place electrical nerve stimulators in the spinal cord to help treat the pain. There is no best treatment to cure the symptoms. However, medications such as muscle relaxants, and antidepressants may be tried to ease the pain. Even the use of electrical nerve stimulation, or ultrasound, and acupuncture may be used in helping to reduce pain. Phantom limb pain may lead to the feelings of depression or anxiety. It may lead to death or self-harm. The individual may require psychological help or treatment by a psychiatrist. These those who experience phantom limb syndrome should get involve in social activities or get into support groups to help them relief depression.